RESUMO
The Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program (PMM) was put in place in Brazil aiming to reduce inequalities in access to Primary Healthcare. Based on diverse evidence that pointed to a scenario of profound shortage of doctors in the country, one of its central thrusts was emergency provision of these professionals in vulnerable areas, referred to as the Mais Médicos para o Brasil (More Doctors for Brazil) Project. The article analyses the impact of the PMM in reducing shortage of physicians in Brazilian municipalities. To do this, it uses the Primary Healthcare Physicians Shortage Index, which identifies and measures the shortage in the periods of March 2003 and September 2015, before and after implementation of the program. The results show that there was a substantial increase in the supply of physicians in primary healthcare in the period, which helped reduce the number of municipalities with shortage from 1,200 to 777. This impact also helped reduce inequalities between municipalities, but the inequities in distribution persisted. It was also found that there was a reduction in the regular supply of doctors made by municipalities, suggesting that these were being simply substituted by the supply coming from the program. Thus, an overall situation of insecurity in care persists, reflecting the dependence of municipalities on the physician supply from the federal government.
Assuntos
Programas Governamentais , Médicos/provisão & distribuição , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Brasil , Humanos , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
Resumo O Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) foi implantado no Brasil com o objetivo de reduzir as desigualdades no acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Baseado em diversas evidências que apontavam para um cenário de profunda escassez de médicos no país, um dos seus eixos de ação foi a provisão emergencial desses profissionais em áreas vulneráveis, denominado de Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil. O artigo analisa o impacto do PMM na redução da escassez de médicos nos municípios brasileiros. Para tanto, lança mão do Índice de Escassez de Médicos em APS, o qual a identifica e a mensura nos períodos março de 2013 e setembro de 2015, antes e depois da implantação do programa. Os resultados mostram que ocorreu um substantivo aumento na oferta de médicos em APS no período, o que contribuiu para reduzir o número de municípios com escassez desses profissionais de 1.200 para 777. Este impacto também contribuiu para reduzir as desigualdades entre os municípios, mas as iniquidades distributivas permaneceram. Foi verificado ainda que ocorreu uma redução na oferta regular de médicos pelos municípios, sugerindo uma substituição da mesma pela do programa. Assim, permaneceu um quadro de insegurança assistencial em função da dependência dos municípios em relação ao provimento federal.
Abstract The Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program (PMM) was put in place in Brazil aiming to reduce inequalities in access to Primary Healthcare. Based on diverse evidence that pointed to a scenario of profound shortage of doctors in the country, one of its central thrusts was emergency provision of these professionals in vulnerable areas, referred to as the Mais Médicos para o Brasil (More Doctors for Brazil) Project. The article analyses the impact of the PMM in reducing shortage of physicians in Brazilian municipalities. To do this, it uses the Primary Healthcare Physicians Shortage Index, which identifies and measures the shortage in the periods of March 2003 and September 2015, before and after implementation of the program. The results show that there was a substantial increase in the supply of physicians in primary healthcare in the period, which helped reduce the number of municipalities with shortage from 1,200 to 777. This impact also helped reduce inequalities between municipalities, but the inequities in distribution persisted. It was also found that there was a reduction in the regular supply of doctors made by municipalities, suggesting that these were being simply substituted by the supply coming from the program. Thus, an overall situation of insecurity in care persists, reflecting the dependence of municipalities on the physician supply from the federal government.
